قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ
اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ
لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ
وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ

Shaykh ‘Abdur Rahman as-Sa’di, may Allah have mercy upon him, commenting on the proceeding surah:

قل
“Say (O Muhammed ﷺ‎)”

A precise statement with conviction, acquainted with its meaning.

هو الله أحد
“…He is Allah, (the) One.”

Meaning, the oneness is confined within (this statement of Tawheed).
Thus, Allah is Al-Ahad who is separate and unique (from creation) in his perfection which to Allah alone belongs the Most Beautiful Names, Lofty and complete Attributes and Actions that are Holy which have no parallel or equivalent.

الله الصمد
“Allah-us-Samad (The Self-Sufficient Master, Whom all creatures need, He neither eats nor drinks).”

Meaning, the design with all (of creation) is to have needs. So the all the inhabitants in the higher and lower regions (of existence) are in need of Allah to the point of (the existence) is poor, asking Allah for all their necessities, asking Him concerning their most important matters.
That is because Allah is complete regarding His qualities/attributes, Al-‘Aleem whose knowledge is flawless, Al-Haleem whose patience and mild-temperedness is perfect, Ar- Raheem whose grace is whole, expanding over everything; like this are the rest of His qualities.
And from His perfection is that Allah…

لم يلد ولم يولد
“He begets not, nor was He begotten;

Due to His complete sufficiency…

ولم يكن له كفوا أحد
“And there is none co-equal or comparable unto Him.”

Nor in His Names, or His Attributes, or in His Actions, Tabaraka wa Ta’la. Thus this surah encompasses the Oneness of Allah’s Names and Attributes.

By Shaykh Abdur Rahman as-Sa’di (died 1376 AH)
Translated By Abu Sulaymaan Muhammad Ibn Baker

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